• Understanding conflict and process of conflict resolution. • Conflict handling styles. • Strategies of conflict resolution. • Communication in conflict resolution. • What is alternative dispute resolution? • Negotiation. • Types of negotiation. • Strategies of negotiation. • What is mediation?. • Skills of mediation. • Types and strategy of mediation. • Conditions for successful mediation. • Understanding peace. • Peace support operation. • Basic standards in international law and humanitarian principles. • Early warning and preventive measures and deployment. • Peace building. • Multi-track diplomacy in peace building. • Gender-inclusive peace building. • International humanitarian law on the protection of civilians and vulnerable group.