FALOLA, ToyinAbdullahi MahadiMartin UhomoibhiUkachukwu Anyanwu2023-11-222023-11-221991978 139 6776https://nigeriareposit.nln.gov.ng/handle/20.500.14186/954The Sokoto caliphate was an outcome of a political revolution which started in the first decade of the nineteenth century. This important development was as a result of the conditions which obtained in Hausaland in the eighteenth century. During this period, especially in the second half of the century, Hausaland, particularly the Rima basin or western part of Hausaland, was undergoing dynamic changes which were characterised by latent or open competition, conflicts and tensions. These conflicts were within the ranks of the ruling classes. They included: (a) dynastic conflicts between the various classes for example, between the masu sarauta (rulers) and the talakawa (commoners); (b) between Islam and traditional religions; (c) between malaman fada (court literati) and malaman kirgi (piou literati); and (d) between some states of Hausaland.The Sokoto caliphate 1; Borno under the Shehus 23; Central Nigeria in the nineteenth century 47; Yorubaland in the nineteenth century 69; Bini in the nineteenth century 92; The Niger Delta states in the nineteenth century 107; Igboland in the nineteenth century 128; Nigerian-European relations: explorers and missionaries 150; New commercial developments 162; The British conquest of Nigeria 187.enBook